Strategies that Motivate Students Connected to Proverbs

A proverb is A proverb is a short, pithy statement of a general truth, one that condenses common experience into memorable form. Although proverbs are cultural statements, marking a particular time and place for their origin, they reflect the universal human experience. For example, proverbs are found in literature, as in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet â€Å"He that is strucken blind cannot forgetThe precious treasure of his eyesight lost† (I.i) This proverb means that a man who loses his eyesight-or anything else of value- can never forget the importance of what has been lost. Another example, from  Aesop Fables  by Aesop: We should make sure that our own house is in order before we give advice to others. This proverb means we should act upon our own words, before advising others to do the same. Motivating students with Proverbs There are multiple ways to use proverbs in the 7-12 grade classroom. They can be used to inspire or to motivate students; they can be used as cautionary wisdom. As proverbs have all developed in some human experience, students and educators may recognize how these messages from the past can help inform their own experiences. Posting these proverbs around the classroom can bring about discussions in class as to their meaning and how these Old World sayings still are relevant today. Proverbs can also support motivational strategies that teachers may want to use  in the classroom. Here are eight (8) approaches to motivate students that can be implemented in any content area.  Each of these approaches is matched with supporting proverb(s) and the proverbs culture of origin, and links will connect educators to that proverb online. #1. ​​Model enthusiasm An educators enthusiasm about a specific discipline that is evident in each lesson is powerful and contagious for all students. Educators have the power to  raise students’ curiosity, even when students are not initially interested in the material. Educators should share why they first became interested in a subject,  how they  discovered their passion, and how they understand their desire to teach to share this passion. In other words, educators must model their motivation. â€Å"Wherever you go, go with all your heart.  (Confucius) Practice what you preach. (Bible) Once out of the throat it spreads over the world.(Hindu Proverb) #2. Provide relevance and choice: Making content relevant is critical to motivating students.  Students need to be shown or to establish a personal connection to the material taught in class. This personal connection may be emotional  or appeal to their background knowledge. No  matter how disinteresting a subjects content may seem, once students have determined that the content is worth knowing, the content will engage them.Allowing students to make choices increases their engagement. Giving students choice builds their capacity for responsibility and commitment. Offering choice communicates an educators respect for students’ needs and preferences. Choices also can help prevent disruptive behaviors.Without relevance and choice, students may disengage and lose the motivation to try. The road to the head lies through the heart.  (American Proverb) Let your nature be known and expressed.  (Huron Proverb) He is a fool who does not consider his own interests. (Maltese Proverb) Self interest will neither cheat nor lie, for that is the string in the nose that governs the creature.(American Proverb) #3. Praise student efforts: Everyone likes genuine praise, and educators can capitalize on this universal human desire for praise with their students. Praise is a powerful motivational strategy when it is part of constructive  feedback. Constructive feedback is nonjudgmental and acknowledges quality in order to stimulate advancement. Educators should stress opportunities that students can take to improve, and any negative comments must be associated with the product, not the student.   Praise youth and it will prosper. (Irish Proverb) As with children, there is no taking  away of what has been rightly given. (Plato) Do one thing at time, with supreme excellence.  (NASA) #4. Teach flexibility and adaptation Educators need to try to develop a students mental flexibility, or the ability to shift attention in response to changes in the environment. Modeling flexibility when things go wrong in the classroom, especially with technology, sends a powerful message to students. Coaching students to know when to let go of one idea to consider another can help each student meet success.   Its an ill plan that cannot be changed. (Latin Proverb) A reed before the wind lives on while mighty oaks do fall.   (Aesop) Sometimes you have to throw yourself into the fire to escape from the smoke  (Greek Proverb) Times change, and we with them. (Latin Proverb) #5. Provide opportunities that allow for failure Students operate in a culture that is risk-adverse; a culture where failure is not an option. However, research shows that failure is a powerful instructional strategy. Mistakes can be expected as a part of the application and experimentation taxonomy and allowing age-appropriate mistakes can increase confidence and problem solving skills.  Educators need to  embrace the concept that learning is a messy process and use mistakes as part of a discovery process in order to engage students.  Educators also need to provide safe spaces or structured environments for students to take intellectual risks to minimize some mistakes. Allowing for mistakes can give students the satisfaction  of reasoning through a problem and discovering the underlying principle on their own. Experience is the best teacher. (Greek Proverb) The harder you fall, the higher you bounce.  (Chinese Proverb) Men learn little from success, but much from failure.  (Arab Proverb)   Failure is not falling down but refusing to get up. (Chinese Proverb) Failing to plan is planning to fail  (English Proverb) #6.  Value student work Give students the chance to succeed. High standards for student work are fine, but it is important to make those standards clear and give students a chance to discover and meet them.   A man is judged by his work. (Kurdish Proverb) The achievement of all work is practice.  (Welsh Proverb) Remember that the only place where success  comes before work is in a dictionary. (American Proverb) #7. Teach stamina and perseverance Recent research on how the brain works confirms that the brains plasticity means that stamina and perseverance can be learned. Strategies for teaching stamina include repetition and sequencing activities with  increasing difficulty that offer a continual but reasonable challenge. Pray to God but continue to row to the shore.(Russian Proverb) It does not matter how slowly you go so long as you do not stop.  (Confucius) There is no Royal Road to learning.  (Euclid) Though the centipede has one of its legs broken, this does not affect its movement.  (Burmese Proverb) A habit is first a wanderer, then a guest, and finally the boss. (Hungarian Proverb) #8. Track improvement through reflection Students need to track their own leaning through ongoing reflection.  Whatever form the reflection takes, students need the opportunity to make sense of their learning experiences. They need to understand what choices they made, how their work changed, and what helped them learn to track their improvement Self-knowledge is the beginning of self-improvement.(Spanish Proverb) Nothing succeeds like success (French Proverb) Praise the bridge that carried you over. (English Proverb) No one can be an expected to be an expert at something before they have got the chance to practice it.  (Finnish Proverb) In conclusion: Although proverbs were born from Old World thinking, they still reflect the human experience of our students in the 21st Century. Sharing these proverbs with students can be part of making them feel connected, beyond time and place, to others. The messages of proverbs can help students better understand the reasons for the instructional strategies in place that can motivate them towards success.

Montage Of A Dream Deferred By Langston Hughes - 946 Words

Many of the poems within â€Å"Montage of a Dream Deferred† by Langston Hughes contain great meaning as well as emotion embedded within them. Whether they are 3 lines or 20 lines long, vivid images and explanations follow. The main focus of the series of poems are centralized on African Americans living in Harlem in the 20’s and on and their opposition from the rest. The motif in nearly all poems express discrimination, daily activities, and African American’s struggle for equality. Out of all poems, certain ones such as â€Å"Theme for English B†, â€Å"Ballad of the Landlord†, and â€Å"Harlem #2† stood out. These short poems have a similar correlation carrying the same meaning and or idea. In the poem â€Å"Theme for English B†, a black student is asked to†¦show more content†¦He concludes with â€Å"As I learn from you, I guess you learn from me—although you’re older—and white—and somewhat more free. This is my page for English B.† The Black student realizes that not only does the teacher have the ability to teach, but even the students can teach the teacher something they never knew regardless if he/she is older, white, and more â€Å"free† than he is. Langston Hughes states that all â€Å"Americans† are shaped and defined differently and there is no specific way to be an American. Moving on to the second poem; â€Å"Ballad of the Landlord†, we see back and forth conversations between a white landlord and his unhappy black tenant. The black tenant tries explaining the poor conditions of his apartment. Flaws such as broken steps, and the leaking roof are examples of imagery. The black tenant tells his landlord that he won’t be able to talk after he lands his fists on him. Without a further ado, the white tenant calls the police and the black tenant instantly gets arrest and sentenced to 90 days in county jail with no bail. Hughes expresses a theme of injustice for the black race in comparison to how the white race is favored and carry unfair power in society. It is easily said that the condition of the apartment explains the quality of a black person’s justice: broken. Lastly, in the poem â€Å"Harlem #2†, the speaker right off the bat tosses many rhetorical questions that the reader can ponder on. â€Å"What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin inShow MoreRelatedBiographical and Historical Approach to Langston Hughes Dream Boogie1340 Words   |  6 PagesBiographical and Historical Approach to Langston Hughes Dream Boogie Michelle Cooks ENG Teacher January 30, 2012 A biographical or historical approach attempt to measure how much an authors life or history has influenced their writings. Most of the time, writings are strengthened when the author writes from a biographical or historical angle, and the importance of their history becomes significant when it is used to create characters that express its values and examines trends that occurRead MoreHarlem: a Dream Deferred1043 Words   |  5 PagesHarlem: A Dream Deferred Langston Hughes Literally Analysis Dreams are aspirations that we hope to reach on our lifetime. They are the day that gives us the drive to live our lives and accomplish our goals. When reaching our goals, we will do anything to get to our destination. But what happens when your dreams deferred and put on hold due to unseen circumstances? Or what do you so when someone tells you that you can not so the things you want to so because of the pigmentation of your skinRead More Unfulfilled Dreams Exposed in Hughes Harlem Essay1135 Words   |  5 PagesUnfulfilled Dreams Exposed in Hughess Harlem      Ã‚  Ã‚   Most of us have dreams that we one day hope to fulfill. They could be little dreams that will take little time and effort to accomplish, or they could be big dreams that will take more time and energy to fulfill. Nevertheless, whether ones dream is as mundane as hitting the numbers or as noble as hoping to see ones children reared properly, each dream is equally important to the person who has it (Bizot 904). Each dream is also equallyRead MoreReader-Response Criticism: Langston Hughes’ Dream Boogie1222 Words   |  5 PagesReader-Response Criticism: Langston Hughes’ Dream Boogie T Wilkins ENG 125 Introduction to Literature Instructor M. XXXXXXXXX May 22, 2011 Literature, no matter what the topic of form it comes in, has the ability to raise issues, spark thought/imagination, and/or draw out emotions that have been buried deep within us as people. It is expected, from the authors, that readers will form opinions and criticisms for their works. Be it that the readers’ emotions parallel those of the writerRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Dream By Langston Hughes1909 Words   |  8 Pagesunique way as well. The two pomes are about dreams, the first poem, Dream is about what could possibly happen if we let go of our dreams and don t purse them. The second poem, Harlem is about the possibilities of what could happen when we postpone our dreams. Both poems do not exactly end with a happy ending, for they show the regret that we will be left with, possibly even death. The poem Dream by Langston Hughes is about following your dreams, because we never know what our near futureRead MoreThe Development Of Jazz, Blues And Literature1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe development of jazz, blues and literature in harlem shine a big light on langston hughes the famous writer .Who was one of harlem s famous writer for his poetry â€Å" Harlem Dream Deferred†.Langston Hughes is broadly viewed as one of the best artists who ever strolled the earth. A number of his subjects concentrated on the issues that were going up against the race, fairness and Suffrage. Langston Hughes was a vital part of the Harlem Renaissance, a period amid the 1920s and 1930s that was portrayedRead MoreLangston Hughes : The Black Writers Of The Harlem Renaissance1488 Words   |  6 Pageswriters of the 1900’S is Langston Hughes. While many writers focused on one style or category of writing, Langston Hughes is the most versatile of all of the writers from the Harlem Renaissance. While the state of Missouri is known for its largest cities such as St. Louis and Kansas City and for famous attractions such as the Gateway Arch, the state is also the birthplace of one of the most well-known writers of the early Twentieth Century. James Mercer Langston Hughes is an American author, writerRead MoreLangston Hughes: A Poet Supreme Essay1879 Words   |  8 PagesLangston Hughes: A Poet Supreme Black poetry is poetry that (1) is grounded in the black experience; (2) utilizes black music as a structural or emulative model; and (3) consciously transforms the prevailing standards of poetry through and inconoclastic and innovative use of language. No poet better carries the mantle of model and innovator the Langston Hughes, the prolific Duke Ellington of black poetry. Hughess output alone is staggering. During his lifetime, he published over eightRead More Langston Hughes Essay833 Words   |  4 PagesLangston Hughes Langston Hughes was born on February 1, 1902, in Joplin, Missouri. He was named after his father, James Hughes, but was known as Langston. He was the only child from his parents James and Carrie Hughes. His parents were not married for long because of an unhappy marriage. When they separated, Langston was left with his mother, who left him behind to move from city to city to find work. Langston ended up living with his 70 year-old grandmother in Lawrence, Kansas. He livedRead MoreEssay on The Poetry of Langston Hughes During the Harlem Renaissance1694 Words   |  7 Pagesartistic movement it was. II. Langston Hughes â€Å"I’ve known rivers ancient as the world and older Than the flow of human blood in human veins. My soul has grown deep like the rivers.† â€Å"I’ve Known Rivers†-Langston Hughes James Mercer Langston Hughes, (February 1, 1902 – May 22, 1967) was born in Joplin, Missouri, to James Nathaniel and Caroline Hughes in 1902. Hughes’ parents were of mixed-race, and Langston Hughes was of African American, European

Evaluation of Leadership Development Plan of Maersk Oil in Qatar Free Essays

string(43) " its workforce and other staff members†\." 1.0 Introduction One of the biggest challenges of the modern business era is the retention of a talented and skilled workforce for business organizations, and the development of future leaders within a company. Business organizations are required to employ a dynamic strategy to respond to the needs and aspirations of their workforce. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation of Leadership Development Plan of Maersk Oil in Qatar or any similar topic only for you Order Now A smart, well-designed employee development program can benefit a business organization to great extent in this regard and shape the future of the company by individually shaping the leaders of the future. Prior research indicates that employee development program is linked to higher levels of performance and output. It can create a reservoir of knowledge that can enable business organizations to do better than their competitors. The most important development aspect of any employee is training them in leadership skills which can benefit the business as a whole. Transformational Leadership is a framework which, according to Barling, Christie and Hoption, promotes the qualities of â€Å"idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration† (reference). By displaying motivational qualities and attitudes a leader can improve the efficiency, proficiency and well-being of employees. The aim of the proposed dissertation would be to investigate employees’ leadership development plan at ‘Maersk Oil’, particularly in reference to transformational leadership training. Maersk Oil has been operating in Qatar since the 1990s as a major oil company. It works on the Al-Shaheen Field which produces significant amount of petroleum. The company’s current production level stands at 300,000 barrels of oil per day. As a result of that, Al-Shaheen Field is predicted to be the biggest contributor to oil production in Qatar, making the company significant for the Oil industry and the overall economy of the country. Maersk Oil is a multinational company which is part of A.P. Moller – Maersk Group, operating in various parts of the world. Like any major multinational firm, Maersk Oil Qatar has a diverse workforce belonging to various nationalities (Maersk Oil, 2012). The diverse workforce present in the organization needs to be managed in an efficie nt and effective manner. The dissertation will try to identify the importance of a leadership development plan, investigate the current practices of the company, evaluate its effectiveness, and identify common obstacles for employee’s leadership development plan at the company. The dissertation will also propose some recommendations based on its findings for creating a viable improvement to the leadership development program. The dissertation will be divided into five chapters. The first chapter will be comprised of the introduction, overview of the research, background, and research objectives. The second chapter will detail the research methodology. The third chapter will present a literature review and theoretical background of the research. Fourth chapter will present the findings and analyze the data. Finally, chapter five will present the results and conclusions of the research. 1.1 Research Objectives Investigate to what extent does the company care for its employees through its leadership development plan Identify the significance of employees leadership development plan Investigate practices of employees leadership development plan Evaluate the effectiveness of employees leadership development Identify most common barriers for employees leadership development plan 1.2 Research Questions What is the employees’ attitude towards the company regarding its transformational leadership development program? Is transformational leadership more efficient than other forms of leadership? How does the transformational leadership benefit the objectives and goals of the company? What is the significance of the transformational leadership development plan for both the company and its employees? To what extent do the employees consider the development plan at the company efficient? What are the common barriers associated with the transformational leadership development plan at the company? 1.3 Rationale for the Current Research Although there is a large array of literature on human resource development, practitioners often come under criticism for doing very little to evaluate the learning and development solutions that have been designed to deliver whereby significant and often scarce resources are allocated blindly in development plans that are considered to be effective (Harisson, 2005). When undergoing financial stress, organizations often downsize human resource development budgets. Human resource development personnel undergo tight scrutiny in justifying their expenditures and are required to prove the effectiveness of their employee development plans. Thus evaluation of employee leadership development plan is a viable solution. The importance of evaluation in further signified as the learning and development theory and practices in the modern day is undergoing a considerable change in order to keep up with new circumstantial requirements. In fact, one of the major changes occurring nowadays and in the upcoming years is the organizational changes driven by ‘higher integration between coaching, organisational development (OD) and performance management’ (CIPD survey, 2010: pg.6). Similarly Sloman (2007) made several important propositions regarding the ongoing change in the employee development practices and approaches (see appendix 1). The shift in the learning and development approach and employee development practices signifies the importance of evaluating the current practices of an organization to see whether they are abreast with the prevailing best practices. Additionally, employee development approaches and practices of the oil and gas rich Middle Eastern countries and the Gulf Nations is an under-researched area in HRM literature. Moreover, the available literature regarding employee development practices generalizes the Middle East and the Arab World rather than addressing individual countries or companies (Harry, 2007). The existing gap in the literature pays way for the current proposed study to evaluate the leadership development plan at Maesrk Oil in Qatar. 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Definition of employee leadership development Employee development plans have been defined as a set of planned efforts by an organization which facilitates the learning and acquaintance of knowledge, specific skills and behaviors for its employees; all of which are essential for them to be successful in their current jobs (Goldstein, 1993). Dotta (2009) defines it as a â€Å"sequence of concurrent activities, initiatives and programs that an organization is involved with to maintain, improve and enhance the skills, capabilities and performance levels of its workforce and other staff members†. You read "Evaluation of Leadership Development Plan of Maersk Oil in Qatar" in category "Essay examples" Employee development plan encapsulates various individual development plans. A leadership development plan goes one step further than this: as well as providing all of the support listed above the employee is also being trained for a management role through the subtle development of the most desirable qualities. According to Depar tment of Defense of USA (2006), an individual employee development plan is â€Å"a tailored written plan developed by the supervisor and employee outlining the employee’s developmental objectives and the developmental activity for achieving these objectives. The purpose of an employee development plan is to increase the current proficiency, development, and progression of the employee through a systematic development plan†. The personal progression of an employee can only be realized if they have been instructed in the transformational leadership qualities which will optimize the business as a whole. Based on aforementioned definitions, several important points can be stated: Employees’ development plan is aimed at enhancing the capabilities and competencies of an organization’s workforce. Employees’ development plan is also crucial for the progression of a career path. Through leadership development it is common for organizations to train and develop their employees to occupy critical positions in future. A transformational leadership development program helps employees to understand the key roles of leadership and develop qualities which will make them an inspirational motivator to their workforce. 2.2 Significance of transformational leadership development In today’s business environment, which is characterized as multi-faced, highly complex, extremely competitive, and dynamic, organizations are required to be very flexible and adaptable in order to survive and succeed. Employee development, a practice that seeks to assist organizations in meeting their business goals through continuous learning and development (Harisson, 2009) is a critical element for achieving that flexibility and adaptability. So much that often human resource development personnel are qualified as ‘agents of change’ (Harisson, 2009). It is only through continuous, effective learning and development of employees that modern day organizations can acquire the essential competencies to adapt to a new conjuncture. Transformational leadership is significant as it not only benefits the leader in question, but also the morale of the employees. Candidates for the development program will be taught the traditional methods of leadership, such as how to ta ke responsibility and effectively manage a team, while also being taught to be motivational, inspirational and influential among their colleagues (Barling, Christie and Hoption). 2.3 Best Practices in Employee Development Plan Numerous studies have recommended several successful approaches towards employee development programs. There is a general consensus among researchers regarding the foremost need for an organization to conduct an analysis of its existing needs and requirements (Jacobs and Jones, 1995; Clegg et al, 2005). According to Jacobs, (1995) an employee development can be rendered meaningless if it does not respond to the organizational needs. Existing needs and requirements can be identified through an effective market analysis, analysis of existing and future labor trends. (Clegg et al, 2005). Since every organization needs to secure its’ future in the business industry it stands to reason that leadership is a high priority in the organizations needs, and transformational leadership can arguably give the best opportunity for employees to grow and develop along with the requirements of the company. Apart from the needs’ assessment, several best practices have been identified by human resource practitioners and researchers. A survey of best practices of 71 companies practicing employee development activities identified three underlying factors important for an effective employee development plan. These are: (1) individual development plans should be developed for key and high potential employees with the ability to become future leaders (2) the individual development plans and practices should be strictly aligned with organizational strategies and goals, with the future of the company in mind and (3) the entire workforce should be facilitated for its progression through the developmental process (Reynolds, 2005). 3.0 Research Methods and Approach 3.1 Research Philosophy Identifying a research philosophy is imperative for designing a viable research method as it determines the manner in which information regarding a research problem/question is collected, evaluated and applied. Researcher have identified mainly three research philosophies namely positivist and interpretivist and realist (Galliers, 1991). A positivist research philosophy perceives reality as a constant phenomenon; something that can be perceived objectively (Levin, 1988). It is a stance of a natural scientist. According to Hirschheim (1985 p.33), â€Å"positivism has a long and rich historical tradition. It is so embedded in our society that knowledge claims not grounded in positivist thoughts are simply dismissed as ascientific and therefore invalid†. Interpretivism, on the other hand, seeks to understand reality from a subjective perception in order to make sense of motives, actions and intentions of those that they study. They emphasize the social construct of the reality (Husserl, 1965). Interpretivists contend that reality and its perceptions can be better understood by placing people in their social contexts (Hussey and Hussey, 1997). Realists believe that the existence of reality is independent of human thoughts, emotions and beliefs. The research philosophy underpinning the proposed research is interpretivism. The research aims to evaluate the employee leadership development plan of Maersk Oil through the perceptions, attitudes and beliefs of its employees, managers, and executives; thus it aims to gain subjective insights for evaluation. 3.2 Research Approach and Strategy A research approach can be either deductive or inductive. The premise of a deductive approach is to test a hypothesis, explain casual relationships and enable generalization of a theory. On the other hand, inductive approach focuses upon building a theory by understanding a phenomenon seeking an answer for a question. The approach adopted for the proposed research is inductive, as this study will look to identify the weaknesses or strengths or the current employee development plan at Maersk Oil Qatar, and answer several proposed questions pertaining to its evaluation. The research strategy for this study will be exploratory as it will aim at providing insights and understanding of the nature of the phenomenon under study in new light. Within the exploratory approach, this study will utilize both qualitative and quantitative data. On one hand, statistical analysis will carried out for the survey responses which will be distributed among the employees of a company, whilst interviews will be conducted with some senior officials and employees in order to gain insights regarding the evaluation of the employee development program. It will complement the understanding gained through the data analysis results. 3.3 Data Collection According to Yin (1994), there are five ways of collecting data; these are â€Å"experimental, surveys, archival analysis, history, and case studies†. This research will utilize a survey strategy. According to Kelley et. al, (2003) â€Å"the survey strategy refers to the selection of a relatively large sample of people from a pre-determined population, followed by the collection of data from those individuals. The researcher therefore uses information from a sample of individuals to make some inference about the wider population†. For the purpose of evaluating the employee leadership development plan, a questionnaire will be prepared, reviewed, and distributed to a random sample of Maersk Oil Qatar employees and people in leadership roles. Survey strategy will allow the researcher to collect a large amount of data within in short time with minimum costs and efforts (Naresh et.al, 2003). Interviews, the qualitative form of collecting data within survey method will be use d concurrently. Semi-structured interviews will be designed and conducted of several senior officials at the company. References CIPD (2010), ‘Annual Survey Report : Learning and Talent Development’, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, {online} http://www.cipd.co.uk/NR/rdonlyres/BC060DD1-EEA7-4929-9142-1AD7333F95E7/0/5215_Learning_talent_development_survey_report.pdf (cited on 13th September, 2012) Clegg ,S. et all, 2005: Managing Organizations: An introduction to Theory and Practice. Sage Cohen N., 2002?Pressure on AP Moller to Be Open,† Australasian Business Intelligence, April 23, Department of Defense of USA (2006) The individual development. {online} http://www.usuhs.mil/chr/idp.pdf (cited on 13th September, 2012) Dotta, P.(2009) ‘What Is an Employee Development Plan?’ {online}: http://www.ehow.com/about_5161579_employee-development-plan.html (cited on 13th September, 2012) Goldstein I. L., 1993 â€Å"Training in Organizations† (3rd Ed.) Pacific Grove, California: Books Cole Harrison, R. (2005) Learning and development. 4th ed. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Harrison, R. (2009) Learning and development. 5th ed. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Harry. W (2007) Employment Creation and Localization. The crucial human resource issue for GCC. Int Journal of Human Resource Management. Vol. 18, no.1, pp 132-146. Husserl, E. (1965), Phenomenology and the crisis of philosophy, New York: Harper Torchbooks. Hussey, J. Hussey, R. (1997), Business Research: A practical guide for undergraduate and post-graduate students, London: MacMillan Press Ltd Jacob, R L and Jones, M J. (1995) Structures on Job Training- Unleashing Expertise in the Work Place. San Francisco. Berrett Koehler. Kelley, K., Clark, B., Brown, V., and Sitzia, J (2003) Good practice in the conduct and reporting of survey research. Int. Journal for Quality in Health Care. Volume 15, Issue 3 Pp. 261-266. Levin, D. M. (1988). The opening of vision: Nihilism and the postmodern situation. London: Routledge. LSA Global (2008) ‘Top 10 training best practices for effective learning and development programs’. {online} http://jobfunctions.bnet.com/abstract.aspx?docid=375846 (cited on 13th September, 2012) Maersk Oil (2012) ‘About Us’ {online} http://www.maerskoil.com/ABOUTUS/Pages/AboutUs.aspx (cited on 13th September, 2012) Naresh,M. et.al.,(2003) Methodological issues in cross-cultural marketing research. International Marketing Review. 13 (5) 7-43 Reynolds, S.(2005) Training and development managers share best practices and courseware through LearnShare. Toledo Business Journal. 5(2) 155-163. Sloman, M. (2007) ‘The changing world of the trainer: emerging good practice’, Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Yin, R. K. (1994) Case Study Research. Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc. How to cite Evaluation of Leadership Development Plan of Maersk Oil in Qatar, Essay examples

Conceptual And Methodological Foundations â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Conceptual And Methodological Foundations? Answer: Introduction In the present business scenario, marketing strategy being implemented by the contemporary business organizations to not only sell their products, but also determining the market requirement effectively. In the current business state of affairs, business organizations have to operate in intensely competitive market and thus, it is important for them to effectively design their marketing activities in order to target their customers (Baker 2014). Retail market sector is one of the most intensely competitive markets in Australia with having several established players in the market (Chutani and Sethi 2012). Thus, organizations operating in this sector are initiating various marketing concepts in order to stay ahead in the competition. Woolworths is one of the prominent players in the market with having diverse product portfolio and deep market penetration. They are also known for their distinctive marketing strategies being implemented. This report will discuss about the marketing strategy being implemented by Woolworths for promoting HOMEBRAND ORANGE FRUIT DRINK in the Australian market. Their target market and their process of segmenting and positioning their customers will be discussed. Accordingly, recommendations will be provided to enhance the effectiveness of their marketing activities. Company profile Woolworth is a chain of supermarkets across Australia with having the market leadership status in the retail market. It was founded in 1924 and currently they are having more than 1000 stores across Australia. They mostly specialize in selling grocery items to their customers. However, gradually they have entered other market sectors also (Woolworths.com.au 2017). Currently they are offering grocery items along with stationary items, music items and household products. Being a supermarket, they are having huge diversity in their product portfolio along with several product lines. Due to their diversified product portfolio, they are catering to broader audiences. Target market strategy Currently, the target market of Woolworths is consists of high-income customers due to their offering of higher end and slightly expensive products (Wedel and Kamakura 2012). However, in the recent time, they are trying to target the middle-income customers also to expand their market area and presence. Due to this reason, they have initiated the promotional activities of HOMEBRAND ORANGE FRUIT DRINK. This brand is being targeted offer highest quality at the lowest price available. To initiate the target strategy for the new set of customers, they have initiated various marketing strategies. Segmentation, targeting and positioning model will be used to determine the target strategy of Woolworths for HOMEBRAND ORANGE FRUIT DRINK. According to this model, the first step is to segmentation. The customer segment of operation for Woolworths is the higher income customers. However, in the case of HOMEBRAND ORANGE FRUIT DRINK, they have targeted the mass market of consumer goods. Geographic al segmentation of them is quite broad due to their presence across the Australia (Cross, Belich and Rudelius 2015). Woolworths is having their presence in every state in Australia and thus, the geographical segmentation for them is effective. Targeting The next stage in this model is targeting. It refers to the initiation of strategies to effectively reach out to the target segments (Riefler, Diamantopoulos and Siguaw 2012). The recent marketing strategies being initiated by Woolworths are mostly oriented towards the grocery and consumer goods. This is due to the reason that, they have targeted the middle-income customers by offering affordable consumer goods at an affordable price range. According to their marketing strategies, consumer goods are being referred as necessity items and thus are will be easy for them to target the new customer segments effectively. In addition, they are involving more extensive marketing strategies in order to target the mass market. They are covering every marketing medium ranging from print media to television commercials (Rosenbloom 2012). These strategies are helping them in reaching out effectively to the mass market. They are also shifting their business orientation towards the concept of every day low value pricing from their existing higher pricing model. Thus, it will also help them to cater to more number of customers. Positioning The last stage of this model is the positioning strategy. It refers to the positing of the particular brand in the mind of the target customers (Hassan and Craft 2012). Woolworths positioned their offerings as premium and top quality products in the market. Quality is the key criterion being followed by them in delivering their products to the customers. Another strategy being taken by them is the pricing policy. They design their pricing policy in such way that it will not offer low price to the customers. This is due to the reason that, offering much lower price will affect the customer impression (Lioze et al. 2012). The advertisement of them is being designed according to their brand positioning status. The promotional activities of Woolworth convey the competitive advantages that they possess in the market over their competitors. These strategies are helping them in creating an image of premium and quality products offerings of Woolworths. However, in the case of promoting HOMEBRAND ORANGE FRUIT DRINK, they have positioned their product portfolio as premium offerings for the mass markets. The pricing has also been done accordingly to target the mass market without compromising on quality or their brand value. Marketing strategy implemented by Woolworths To cater to more number of customers, Woolworths have implemented and designed their marketing strategies effectively. They have initiated the marketing mix in their business activities accounting to the requirements of the customers. Seven Ps of marketing mix will be used in determining the effectiveness of the marketing strategies being implemented by them. Product The product is the first aspect of the marketing mix. It refers to the offerings by the organization in the market. Due to the reason that they operates in the retail sector, thus, they resell the finished products to the customers (Mital et al. 2014). It helps them in catering to more number of customers and meeting their diversified requirements. HOMEBRAND ORANGE FRUIT DRINK is their private label brand. In the case of the private label brand they are producing and selling the products by own. Thus, they have in the direct competition with the other fruit drink producers. In addition, the private label brand of them is offering diversified products. Thus, the product assortment is more in the case of HOMEBRAND ORANGE FRUIT DRINK. Price As discussed earlier, the pricing strategy of Woolworths is being designed according to the requirement of their target customers. The price of the products in HOMEBRAND ORANGE FRUIT DRINK is not much lower due to the reason that, it will adversely affect their positioning strategy in the market. Woolworths has positioned HOMEBRAND ORANGE FRUIT DRINK as a premium and high quality item. Thus, offering products in lower prices will have negative impact on the target customers. Moreover, they offer various product assortments in a single product line. It helps them in offering the same products in different sizes and prices (Chernev 2012). Thus, eventually the single product is being offered in various price segments. They have priced their private label brands accordingly. Thus, with help of HOMEBRAND ORANGE FRUIT DRINK, they are targeting different customer segments. Place Products of HOMEBRAND ORANGE FRUIT DRINK are being available from all the stores of Woolworths. Woolworths is having their supermarkets across every state in Australia. In addition, they have more than 19 conventional stores in Australia. Thus, customers have their convenience in having the access to their stores. Moreover, Woolworths have initiated online marketing for their products. Customers have the access of their official websites through which they can shop online (Yoganarasimhan 2013). Thus, the customer convenience will be more in this case. With higher penetration in the market along with effective market presence, customers will find it easy to locate the Woolworths store within their convenience. Hence, the products under HOMEBRAND ORANGE FRUIT DRINK are being available at every possible selling point. Promotion The promotional activities initiated by Woolworths cover various marketing mediums and reach to wider audiences. They are initiating innovations in enhancing their marketing activities. One of the key effective marketing strategies implemented by them in the recent years is the social media marketing. Initiation of the social media marketing enables them to effectively determine the requirement of the customers and the current market trend. Accordingly, they are offering their products through their stores. Another key advantage that they have garnered from their social media marketing is generation of the feedback from the customers regarding their existing products (Tuten and Solomon 2014). It helps them to determine their weaknesses compared to their competitors. Another promotional strategy implemented by them is the customer loyalty program. It was first introduced in their stores in Tasmania. It helps them to provide loyalty services to their regular customers, which in turn enhance the customer loyalty as well as the customer satisfaction of them. Another promotional strategy being initiated by them is the everyday rewards. According to this scheme, Woolworths can record and determine the purchasing pattern of their regular customers and accordingly they will offer products and rewards to them. Thus, these types of promotional activities are helping them in targeting more number of customers. People Employees and customers of Woolworths are also being involved in the marketing activities of them. According to them, employees will be the key source of enhancing the satisfaction level of the customers and thus it is important to have proper training and development of the employees (Ji et al. 2012). In addition, effective determination of the requirement of the customers is also important to implement the marketing activities. Woolworths involve various activities to train and equip their employees in order to enable them to provide effective customer service. Moreover, they to determine the market trend are doing market research. Process Process involves the effective service delivery to the customers. In the case of Woolworths, they are installing automated checkout counters in order to reduce the queue in the checkout counter. Moreover, barcode is being attached with all of their products, which enables in swift checking out the case counters (Orel and Kara 2014). Moreover, with initiation of the online shopping portal, customers now have the convenience of shopping their products at anytime and anywhere. Thus, the process of service delivery of Woolworths is effective. Physical evidence Physical evidence refers to the tangible value being provided to the customers by the organizations. In the case of Woolworths, they offer retail consumer goods. Thus, their entire product portfolio is having physical value. It helps the customers to determine the quality and other criterions of them before buying the products. On the other hand, it is easy for the organization to present their quality and other competitive advantages to the customers more effectively. Recommendations Woolworth is mainly operating mainly in the Australian region. However, they are recently opting to enter in some other countries to expand their business area. Thus, it is being recommended that the target market in the international business for them should be the developing countries (Dunning 2013). This is due to the reason that, the retail sector in the developed countries is already being saturated with very less chance for the new entrants to gain market share. On the other hand, the developing economies such as India and China are rapidly growing and thus it will be a huge opportunity for Woolworths to tap the growing market with their products under HOMEBRAND ORANGE FRUIT DRINK. Moreover, these nations are having huge populations with a large chunk of middle class. Thus, the market opportunities for them will be more than that in the developed countries. Diversification strategy will also be beneficial for Woolworths due to the reason that, there are huge opportunities of diversification in the retail sector. Moreover, the brand value and identity that they carry with them will be added advantage to push the new products in the market. Under the HOMEBRAND ORANGE FRUIT DRINK, they can diversify in to various product categories such as initiation of different flavors to meet the various customer requirements. It will be beneficial for Woolworths if they can introduce premium offerings under HOMEBRAND ORANGE FRUIT DRINK. This is due to the reason that, the products under HOMEBRAND ORANGE FRUIT DRINK are mainly targeted towards the mass market. Thus, offering premium products will not only extend the market area, but also create positive image among the mass-market customers. Conclusion It is can be concluded that, the existing marketing strategy of Woolworths for HOMEBRAND ORANGE FRUIT DRINK is effective enough to cater to the existing customers in the Australian market. However, they need to gain more competitive edge in order to cater to the global customers. It is of urgent requirement for them to follow the recommended steps given in this report to enhance their competitive advantages to compete in the global market of consumer products. Reference Baker, M.J., 2014.Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Chernev, A., 2012. Product assortment and consumer choice: An interdisciplinary review.Foundations and Trends in Marketing,6(1), pp.1-61. Chutani, A. and Sethi, S.P., 2012. Cooperative advertising in a dynamic retail market oligopoly.Dynamic Games and Applications,2(4), pp.347-375. Cross, J.C., Belich, T.J. and Rudelius, W., 2015. How marketing managers use market segmentation: An exploratory study. InProceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 531-536). Springer, Cham. Dunning, J.H., 2013.Multinationals, Technology Competitiveness (RLE International Business)(Vol. 13). Hassan, S.S. and Craft, S., 2012. Examining world market segmentation and brand positioning strategies.Journal of Consumer marketing,29(5), pp.344-356. Ji, L., Huang, J., Liu, Z., Zhu, H. and Cai, Z., 2012. The effects of employee training on the relationship between environmental attitude and firms' performance in sustainable development.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(14), pp.2995-3008. Liozu, S.M., Hinterhuber, A., Boland, R. and Perelli, S., 2012. The conceptualization of value-based pricing in industrial firms.Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management,11(1), pp.12-34. Mital, A., Desai, A., Subramanian, A. and Mital, A., 2014.Product development: a structured approach to consumer product development, design, and manufacture. Elsevier. Orel, F.D. and Kara, A., 2014. Supermarket self-checkout service quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty: Empirical evidence from an emerging market.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,21(2), pp.118-129. Riefler, P., Diamantopoulos, A. and Siguaw, J.A., 2012. Cosmopolitan consumers as a target group for segmentation.Journal of International Business Studies,43(3), pp.285-305. Rosenbloom, B., 2012.Marketing channels. Cengage Learning. Tuten, T.L. and Solomon, M.R., 2014.Social media marketing. Sage. Wedel, M. and Kamakura, W.A., 2012.Market segmentation: Conceptual and methodological foundations(Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media. Woolworths.com.au. (2017).{{metaController.metaData.title}}. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/shop/discover/our-brands [Accessed 17 Sep. 2017]. Yoganarasimhan, H., 2013. The value of reputation in an online freelance marketplace.Marketing Science,32(6), pp.860-891.

Tom Sawyer Essays - Picaresque Novels, English-language Films

Tom Sawyer Tom Sawyer is a boy who is full of adventures. In his world there is an adventure around every corner. Some of his adventures have lead him into some bad situations but with his good heart and bright mind he has gotten out of them. Tom lives with his aunt Polly, his cousin Mary and his bother Sid. One of the first things to happen in the book is a memorable one, the painting of the fence. Tom's aunt Polly made Tom paint her fence on a Saturday as a punishment. Tom just hated the idea of having to work on a Saturday while all of the neighborhood could make fun of and harass him. After Tom tried to trade some of his possessions for a few hours of freedom he had a stroke of genius, instead of him paying people to work for him, he made people pay him to paint. Tom managed this by telling people that it isn't every day that you get a chance to paint a fence and he thought it was fun. He had people begging him to paint by the time that he was finished his story. He would have taken every boy in the town's wealth if he had not run out of paint. On June 17th about the hour of midnight, Tom and his best friend Huck were out in the grave yard trying to get rid of warts, when they witnessed a murder by Injun Joe. At the time Muff Potter was drunk and asleep so Injun Joe blamed the murder him (Muff Potter). They knew if crazy Injun Joe found out they knew, he would for sure kill them. Tom wrote on a wooden board "Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer swear to keep mum about this and they wish they may drop down dead in their tracks if they ever tell and rot", then in their own blood they signed their initials TS and HF. A few days after that incident Tom, Huck and Joe decided to go and become pirates because no one cared for their company anymore. They stole some food and supplies and then they stole a raft and paddled to an island in the middle of the Mississippi River. They stayed and pirated for several days, then they all became so home sick that they could not bear it anymore. The next day Tom, Huck, and Joe showed up for their own funerals and there was much thanks and praise. The next big event in the town was the trial of Muff Potter for the murder in the graveyard. The whole town believed Injun Joe, and poor Muff was sent to a temporary jail cell for a week. At the end of the week he was to be hung unless some one in court had proved him innocent. While Muff was in jail temporarily he was not alone. Every day Tom and Huck would go and talk to him through the jail cell bars and on occasion bring him food. On the last day of court, to everyone's surprise they called Tom Sawyer to the stand. Then the man asked him where he was on the 17th of June he said "In the graveyard". Then when he asked who he saw do it he said with all his courage he said "Muff didn't do it. It was Injun Joe!" and with that Injun Joe jumped out the window and ran away. Tom and Huck decided that they wanted to become rich so they went to go and find buried treasure. Tom and Huck dug under trees all day and night but found nothing, then Tom said that they should go and dig for treasure in a haunted house. They went back two days later and went to a haunted house. Both the boys were scared but they both went inside anyway. The boys dared each other to go upstairs, so of course they went up and looked in closets for treasure but found nothing. Suddenly the boys heard two men talking and then come inside. Both of the boys got down on the floor and then they heard the voice again, it was Injun Joe. Injun Joe and the other man had a bag of money and decided to bury it there. Tom and Huck could hardly contain themselves because they would steal it as soon as Injun Joe left. Injun Joe was

Timeline for Applying to Law School

Timeline for Applying to Law School As most people are aware, preparing to pursue a career in law involves a total of eight years of education, starting with a bachelors degree in a similar field. Therefore, it is advised that hopeful applicants to law school should begin preparing to apply at least a year ahead of time, during the junior and senior year of their bachelors program.   Discover the timeline below to find out the best methods for applying for and completing your law school degree, the first step into an exciting career in the field.   Junior Year First things first: do you want to go to law school? Around the beginning of the junior year of your bachelor degree, you should determine if a path into law is right for you. If so, you can begin researching law schools to apply to on the LSAC site  and schedule your  LSAT  for either February or June of the following semester.   During the following months, its best to begin preparation for this all-important test. If you are taking the LSAT in February, immerse yourself in studying. Consider taking a preparation course or hiring a tutor. Review test prep books and take as many exams as you have access to. Registration for each exam must be completed at least  30 days before the tests - remember that seats do fill up at testing locations, so booking early is advised. Developing relationships with professors in the field would also be advisable at this time. You will need them to write  recommendation letters  for your application. Cultivate relationships with these faculty, and they will have a positive response (and good things to say) when it is time for you to ask. You should also meet with a pre-law advisor or another faculty member who can provide you with information and feedback on your progress toward gaining admission into law school.   In the spring (or summer, depending on when you schedule it), you will take your LSAT. Your score will be available three weeks after the exam. If your LSAT score  is high enough for a good chance of admission, you dont have to worry with this again. However, if you feel you might do better, there are two more opportunities to retake the LSAT: once in June and again in October.   Summer Between Junior and Senior Year If you need to retake the LSAT, remember to register more than 30 days in advance for the June test. If you still dont believe the score is good enough to get you into your chosen  law schools, you may retake it in October. In that case, spend the summer studying up and meeting with other professionals in the field to get insight on how best to take the test.   At this time, it is essential that you register with the LSDAS and begin your Credential Assembly Service application, complete with having your higher education  transcripts sent to LSDAS. You should also start finalizing your list of top choices of schools youd like to apply for. Narrowing down your selection will prevent wasting money on applications to schools you dont want and help in understanding what you should be sending out in your resumes (each school is slightly different).   Spend the summer gathering each schools application materials, downloading applications and requesting additional information and materials as needed. Draft your  personal statement and review it with your advisor, other professors, friends and family and anyone else who will read it and give feedback. Edit this and draft your resume, again seeking feedback for both.   Fall, Senior Year As you enter your senior year, it is time to  request recommendation letters from faculty  who you have developed relationships with throughout your schooling. Youll typically want to send three of these letters along with each application. You will then need to provide the letter writer with  a copy of your resume, transcript and a summary of aspects of your academic, professional and personal life accomplishments for them to consider. If needed, continue updating your resume and take the October LSAT for your final chance to garner the highest score.   If you require financial aid, complete the  Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), which makes you eligible to apply for it. Triple-check your law school applications before finalizing them with the Credential Application Service. Then prepare and submit  law school application forms to each school. It is important now to confirm that each application was received and is complete. Typically you will receive an email or postcard. If you dont, make contact with the admissions office. During this time, also do not forget to submit completed financial aid applications. Acceptance, Rejection or Wait-Listed It is important to keep your LSAC profile up to date, so submit your updated transcript to the LSAC upon entering the final semester of your senior year. As soon as January,  acceptance, rejection and wait-list letters begin to roll in. You will now need to evaluate acceptances and wait-list letters to determine which ones you will pursue further. If your application was rejected, evaluate your application and consider  reasons why  and  how to improve, if you decide to reapply. It is recommended that you visit law schools youve been accepted to, if possible. This way you can get a feel for not only the academic environment of the schools curriculum but also a feel for the community, landscape, location and campus of your preferred schools. If youve been accepted to multiple institutions, these could be the determining factors that help you choose which law school youll ultimately go to.   In any case, you should send thank you notes to faculty who have helped you. Let them know the outcome of your application and thank them for their help. Once you graduate college, send your final transcript to the school that you will attend.   Then, enjoy your last summer before law school and good luck in your next higher institution of learning.

Dumplings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dumplings - Essay Example The Three scenes are significant from a directional view point. Some of the ceramic doll is a bodhisattva; it appears as if the director is trying to tell us it’s an immoral evil thing that she is eating in the form of the dumplings. When Mrs Li starts eating a close up of dumpling is shown. The frames and colors in the background are very beautiful, dumplings glow with saturated colors. Semi transparent outer skin and filling which is pinkish in hue. The overall scene gives an insight that some people who will do anything to prolong their youth and beauty. The amazing angles and close-ups surrounded by beautiful cinematography are conflict with the facts that she is eating the dumpling which made by baby. The real nasty part here is the sounds. The crunching and slurping noises that accompany Mrs. Li eating her dumplings are heart wrenching. When Aunt Mei is singing for Mrs. Li, the camera luxuriously floats over her face showing a young looking Mrs.

Does the community need better schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Does the community need better schools - Essay Example In addition, another aspect that made the few available schools in the community less fortunate hence contributing to the problem of the urge to better schools is the actual environment of the rural school which had continued to be unfavorable for learning. This a times makes it hard for the focused students to succeed. Poverty still continues to take advantage of the rural schools. They actually depend much on the urban and national economies. This brings up the issue of dependency which has a lot of impact on underdevelopment of individuals, societies among other parties. This makes the community-based school culturally and geographically isolated as a result of their locations hence limiting their abilities to acquire materials for their student and teachers. (Berliner, 2004) As long as the above factors contribute to the problem hence the need for better schools, we must as well never forget the fact that a school is like a system composed of the subsystems which the various parts are making it. It, therefore, make us prepared to argue the fact that failure of effective co-operation between these various componential parts in the community as well, has contributed to the problem of lack of better schools. Imagine a ship whose various components are built with an experienced engineer, skilled carpenter, and competitive electrician as well, but all these individual lacking a sight of the master plan, I believe you won’t like the outcome since all these will not stop the ship from sinking (Yang, 2013).

Principles of Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Principles of Microeconomics - Essay Example Price fixation and cartel formation is illegal according to the U.S law. For example, there are three firms in an industry and they collude to form a cartel. They fix the prices they will charge from their customers and all the three firms charge the same price. Furthermore, firms may also fix prices to prevent new firms to enter the market. This is an example of horizontal price fixing and is illegal according to the US antitrust law. The US antitrust law discourages creation of monopoly and price fixing to stimulate competitiveness within an industry. However, there are some exceptions to the illegality of cartels in the US. For instance, if the agreement between two companies is a tacit one, it is not considered as illegal. For example, Pepsi and Coca Cola do not have any formal price fixing agreement. However, they have a tacit agreement whereby both the companies charge similar price from their customers. They do not compete on the basis of price but instead involve in non price competition to increase their market

Different Types Of Portable Buildings Construction Essay

Different Types Of Portable Buildings Construction Essay Portable steel buildings are made from different components and are prefabricated at a different location. Portable steel buildings are used in an industrial environment, for various purposes, like storing equipment, shelter for workers, temporary offices and security check posts. These buildings are made from lightweight and high strength steel that ensures portability and long life. The base of these buildings has two tubular openings, which are used to lift the building with the help of a forklift. Apart from the basic steel framework, they are covered with a layer of galvanized steel for added strength and finish. The base of these buildings is covered with a thick layer of fiberglass to enable insulation against electric shocks. The interiors are designed according to the needs of the user. The floor is covered with thick plywood planks or vinyl floor tiles to give it a smooth finish. The building has openings for doors and windows, which can be fitted with metal, plastic or wooden doors and windows, as per the needs of the user. They have inbuilt fixtures and fittings for electrical wiring, telephone wiring and air conditioning. The walls and ceiling are covered with fire resistant material for added safety. Portable steel buildings are available in different sizes and can be customized according to requirements. New doors and windows can be added to the existing framework and existing door and window positions can be altered to suit different work environments. Laboratory tests conducted on steel buildings, with the help of earthquake simulation machines, have shown that these buildings are resistant to high magnitude tremors. Small steel buildings can be installed inside standard houses where family members can take shelter during an earthquake. People can stay unharmed, as the steel structure is unaffected even if the whole house collapses onto the building. Portable Modular Buildings Portable modular buildings are made from different components, which are prefabricated and assembled onsite. Modular buildings and the components for prefabricated buildings are manufactured in a controlled, factory environment. A portable modular building has all the necessary components, like walls, floor tiles, windows, plumbing, electrical wiring, heating and cooling systems. Simply put, a modular building refers to any building or structure that is pre- constructed in a factory. A modular building is very different from traditional site-constructed, permanent buildings. These structures are very versatile and are available in different shapes and sizes. They can be used for different purposes, such as school classrooms or bullet- proof security spaces. They can be used as short-term spaces or as a permanent facility. They can be used as stand-alone structures or built inside an existing structure. Most of these buildings are made from lightweight and high strength steel or aluminum. Apart from structural advantages, a portable modular building offers other benefits such as low cost, quick possession, customized quality, extension and rearrangement. The most significant advantage offered by these buildings is that, they can be assembled in a very short period. This is due to the planned, design blueprint used for building these structures. Building designs are lab tested before they are cleared for final production. This enhances quality and reduces manufacturing time and the cost. It is important to be definite about specific requirements. National and local construction standards must be followed during the installation of modular or pre-fabricated structures. The type of foundation laid during the installation process, should comply with locally prescribed model construction codes. The use of portable modular buildings will only increase in the coming years. According to research, more than 75 percent of all building constructions will use some form of pre-fabrication, within the next 10 years. Portable Commercial Buildings Portable commercial buildings consist of different components. They are prefabricated in a factory environment and assembled onsite. Components used in these buildings are manufactured according to design specifications provided. They are then delivered to preplanned building sites for installation. A portable commercial building can be customized to include different components such as walls, floor tiles, windows, plumbing, electrical wiring, heating and cooling systems. A portable commercial building refers to any building or structure that is pre- fabricated in a factory environment. Portable commercial buildings are very different from conventional steel and concrete buildings. These structures are very versatile and are available in different shapes and sizes. They can be used for a variety of purposes such as office spaces, warehouses and manufacturing units. They can be used as temporary spaces or as a permanent facility. The basic framework of most commercial buildings is made from lightweight and high strength steel or aluminum. Apart from the structural advantages, a portable commercial building offers other benefits, such as low cost, quick possession, better quality, extension and relocation. The most significant advantage offered by these buildings is that they can be assembled in a very short span of time, unlike permanent buildings. Each and every building design is tested in a laboratory before they are cleared for final production to enhance quality and reduce manufacturing time and cost. Commercial users, such as corporate organizations, need to be sure of their requirements before selecting a particular type of portable modular building. It is important to follow the construction standards prescribed by government agencies, during the installation process. The demand for portable commercial buildings is expected to increase in the coming years. Market research indicates that more than three-fourth of all building constructions will use some type of portable construction within the next ten years. Portable Wood Buildings Portable wood buildings are made from different types of wooden planks and plywood boards. They are prefabricated at a different location and assembled onsite. Portable steel buildings are used in industries as well as domestic households, for storing equipment. They can also be used as temporary workplaces, shelter rooms and security check posts. These buildings are made from lightweight and high strength wood that ensures portability and long life. These buildings are designed to provide balance and can be lifted and transferred with the help of a forklift. The exterior is coated with weather resistant paint to provide protection against water and excessive sunlight that can damage the building. The base of these buildings is made from pressure treated runners, placed on concrete blocks. Floor leveling is done with the help of pressure treated lumber and shingle scraps. The interiors can be designed according to the needs of the user. The floor is covered with thick plywood boards or vinyl floor tiles to give it a smooth finish. The building has openings for doors and windows, which can be fitted with metal, plastic or wooden doors and windows, as per the needs of the user. They can be customized to include fixtures and fittings for electrical wiring, telephone wiring and air conditioning. The walls and ceiling are covered with fire resistant material for added safety. Portable wooden buildings are available in different standard sizes and can be customized according to user requirement. New doors and windows can be added to the framework and the existing door and window positions can be altered to suit different work environments. Some manufacturers offer wooden homes as complete knocked down kits, which can be assembled onsite. Users, who want to avoid the hassles of assembling these kits, can take the help of trained personnel.

A Character Analysis of Pearl in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Lett

A Character Analysis of Pearl in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter Word Count Includes Outline at the End of the Paper The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a book of much symbolism. One of the most complex and misunderstood symbols in the book is Pearl, the illegitimate daughter of Hester Prynne and Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Throughout the novel Pearl develops into a dynamic symbol; one that is always changing. In the following essay, I will explore Hawthorne's symbolism of Pearl from birth, age three, and age seven. Also, I will attempt to disprove the notion that Pearl is branded with a metaphorical scarlet letter "A" representing amorality; instead she represents the immorality of her mother's adultery. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne, for her sins, received a scarlet letter "A" which she had to wear upon the "breast of her gown"(Hawthorne 39). It was the Puritan way of treating her as a criminal for the crime of adultery. The Puritan treatment of Hester did not stop simply with the assignment of the letter. As she walked through the streets, she was looked down upon as if she were some sort of evil spirit among them, being punished for some ghastly crime. This gave Hester much mental anguish and grief. On the other hand, God's treatment of Hester for her sin was quite different than the scarlet letter. He gave Hester the punishment of rearing a very unique child whom she named Pearl. "But she named the infant "Pearl," as being of great price, --purchased with all she had, --her mother's only treasure!"(Hawthorne, 62). Hester named her daughter Pearl because she had to give up everything, including freedom, for her. This punishment handed down from God was a constant mental and physical reminder to Hester of what she had done wrong. There was no escaping it. In this aspect, Pearl symbolized God's way of punishing Hester for the sin of adultery. Even when she was just a baby, "her infant's eyes had been caught by the glimmering of the gold embroidery about the letter" (Hawthorne 67). From birth, Pearl seemed to be attracted to the scarlet letter "A" that clung to her mother's chest. In one specific incident when Pearl was a baby she reached up smiling to touch the scarlet letter on Hester's dress as she stooped over her cradle. This gesture by the baby mortified Hester because of Pearl's innocent recognition of the underl... ...final note, Pearl was more than her mother's only treasure or sometimes headache; she was her mother's only source of survival. Thesis: In the following essay, I will explore Hawthorne's symbolism of Pearl from birth, age three, and age seven. I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Describe the basic foundation for the novel   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Hester received the scarlet letter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Punishment by the Puritans   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C. Punishment by God II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pearl at birth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Pearl's attraction to the letter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Hester's shame of the letter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C. Hester's realization of Pearl's odd expression III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pearl at age three   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Same attraction to the letter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Pearl associated the letter with a game   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C. Reappearance of Pearl's odd expression IV.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pearl at age seven   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Bolder acts towards the letter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Pearl's association of Dimmesdale with the letter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C. Pearl's association with the letter V.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Pearl's sources of symbolism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Pearl as the scarlet letter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C. Pearl as her mother's source of survival Works Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel., et al., eds. The Scarlet Letter. 3rd ed. New York: Norton, 1988.

Avianca Flight 52: a Case Study on Human Error

Relevant facts/ Background Avianca Flight 52 touched the ground for a final time on January 25 1990, 16 miles from JFK airport in Cove Neck, Long Island, N. Y. , completely out of fuel. The Boeing 707-321B was carrying 158 people coming from Medellin, Columbia, in which 85 people survived. The crash of Avianca Flight 52 was the largest rescue operation in New York prior to 9/11. There was a severe blizzard on the north-east coast of the U. S. causing bad weather with a low pressure system and wind shear.JFK airport authorities had been told to keep a higher landing rate than safe at 33 planes attempting to land per hour, on one runway – the typical rate being 52 in good weather, with all runways open. The airport was experiencing a rate of 27% missed approaches, with 39 planes waiting in holding patterns for clearance to land and dozens waiting to take-off. Sequence of events The 707 had been placed in holding patterns for a total of 1 hour and 17 minutes during three separate occasions over the U. S. east coast.There were 6 different air traffic controllers that had communicated directions to Flight 52 after they entered U. S. airspace, adding confusion and un-transmitted messages, yet at the same time not providing any more crucial information such as weather conditions. The Flight Engineer failed to communicate the urgency of the low fuel situation to the pilot and co-pilot after they passed the point of no return and had to remain committed to JFK –by not having enough fuel to get to their alternate airport at Boston, 342km away from JFK.He also failed to emphasize the importance of landing in their first attempt because they would not have enough fuel to loop around and try again. Another discrepancy was how the co-pilot used the words â€Å"Low Fuel† and â€Å"Priority† rather than â€Å"MAYDAY† and â€Å"Minimum Fuel† while communicating to ATCs. There was a lot of crucial information left out or misinterpreted a nd not so important information repeated, which could have easily been avoided without the language barriers in place.In terms of the Swiss Cheese model there were many holes in the conversations between ATCs and the flight crew, similarly between the flight crew and passengers, where they weren’t even given a warning. Causes and factors During the chase to point the blame on someone, Avianca stated to investigators that the phraseology used by their pilots was correct as per their training -whether it matched the standard English phraseology used by IATA countries or not they were only following what they thought to be proper protocol.Investigation by the NTSB found many holes in the events leading up to the crash, due to both active and latent failures by the crew, ATCs, and airport management. The leading causes can be attributed to airport mismanagement, inconsistent training for pilots that should have English proficiency, and overall poor communication between ATCs and the flight crew. Repetitive flaws in a system run by human beings shows a clear link in the lack of Risk Management, causing communication gaps referred to as holes in the Swiss Cheese model for human error.CRM stipulates training crew in assertiveness, inter-personal communication, leadership and decision-making, to name a few key attributes these pilots were in need of addressing prior to the incident. There was no problem of experience as both the pilot and co-pilot had flown that route before, and the pilot had 27 years of experience flying for Avianca. The implementation of Crew Resource Management techniques in the previous years must not have been as streamlined as intended, at least not for the American ATCs and those training under Avianca in Columbia.If one lesson would be learned from this it would be that had the crew received effective and efficient CRM training on time, they could have saved 73 people from an almost completely preventable death by human error. Referenc es AskCaptainLim. com {comments}. Aviation, Air Crash. Avianca flight 52: why the pilots failed to use proper phraseology. (Last updated October 19, 2008). Retrieved from: http://www. askcaptainlim. com/-air-crash-aviation-34/830-avianca-flight-52-why-the-pilots-failed-to-use-the-proper-phraseology. html Cushman Jr. , John H.New York Times, Archives, Collections, Fuel. Avianca flight 52: the delays that ended in disaster. (February 5, 1990). Retrieved from: http://www. nytimes. com/1990/02/05/nyregion/avianca-flight-52-the-delays-that-ended-in-disaster. html? pagewanted=all&src=pm National Geographic, Cineflix Productions. Air Crash Investigation series, Episode S02E05 – Missing Over New York. Retrieved from http://natgeotv. com/ca/air-crash-investigation/videos/deadly-delay Wikipedia. org, Avianca Flight 52. (Last updated March 22, 2013). Retrieved from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Avianca_Flight_52

Essay This Stuff

Essay This Stuff Essay This Stuff pijoijoijoij Search Results Net Sec - College Essay - Leo240Sx - StudyMode.com www.studymode.com/essays/Net-Sec-1620765.html‎ Rating: 4.5 - ‎1 review Name at least five applications and tools pre-loaded on the ... whether that application starts as a service on the system or must be run manually. ... FileZilla Server Interface- The interface does not start as a service and must be ran manually ... for running an â€Å"Intense Scan† with Zenmap on a target subnet of 172.30.0.0/24? Lab1 - Essay - Educba7 - Term Paper Warehouse www.termpaperwarehouse.com †º Computers and Technology‎ Apr 7, 2013 - Name at least five applications and tools pre-loaded on the TargetWindows01 server desktop, and identify whether that application starts as a service on the system or must be run manually. ... TargetUbuntu01 credentials are not given for this lab, however when clicking on the icon the target screen shows [PDF] Application Performance Analyzer for z/OS Customization Guide pic.dhe.ibm.com/i nfocenter/pdthelp/v1r1/topic/.../cazccg00pdf.pdf‎ In special situations you might want to run multiple Application ... The module name prefix (product code) used by Application Performance .... Analyzer library page or the IBM System z Enterprise Development Tools and ... desktop application. ... applications running under WebSphere Application Services, you must also. [PDF] Chapter 1 Exercise Solutions - WAP 3G 3g.wap.vn/data/getfile/test%20pdf-coulouris-qa.pdf?id=21128‎ Give five types of hardware resource and five types of data or software resource ... For this to work: (1) the user must run a program on her device that listens for ... The part between // and / is the Domain name of the Web server host ... But if the responsibility for providing a WWW-based information service moves to another. [PDF] (If Necessary)................................. - Hewlett-Packard h20566.www2.hp.com/.../manualsDisplay/?...‎ (OSM) Interface client and server components, system c onsole software, the Distributed .... the symbol is a required character that you must type as shown. For. [PDF] Installation Guide (PDF Format) - CONNX Solutions www.connx.com/ftpdir/connx110/CONNX110_InstallationGuide.pdf Step 1 - Installation Checklist and System Requirements . ... Pre-Installation Checklist Procedure . ...... CONNX Enterprise Server Service (see the CONNX User Reference Guide ..... Both the install PC client and the target host (OS/390) must ..... Database Modules window, a dialog box appears asking whether you want to ... [PDF] Installation Guide (PDF Format) - CONNX Solutions www.connx.com/ftpdir/...SP3/CONNX105_SP3_InstallationGuide.pdf Step 1 - Installation Checklist and System Requirements. ...... from the Unix client via the CONNX Enterprise Server Service (see the ..... Both the install PC client and the target host (OS/390) must have ftp ..... The server name

buy custom Love as the Highest Law in Antigone and Death of a Salesman essay

buy custom Love as the Highest Law in Antigone and Death of a Salesman essay Love is a flash of light that gives meaning to the life of an ordinary man. It is bright as the sun, delicate as the shimmering lunar glare, deep as a bottomless ocean, and great as a boundless spring sky. Many artists have been trying to analyze the feeling, as well as find the answer to the eternal question what is love? The following paper will discuss two plays Antigone and Death of a Salesman. Despite the fact that Antigone and Death of a Salesman were written in different times and societies, they can be compared, since the engrossing love for family is the main aspect of both plays. In Antigone, a brave girl, Antigone proves love to her brother, sacrificing her life for the sake of love. In Death of a Salesman, Linda proves her love to Willy and Biff, forgetting about her life, feelings, and desires. However, I believe that love is about selfless giving and protection; it is the highest law in human lives. Being written many centuries ago, Antigone is the play that gives the useful lessons to the modern generations, because the little but brave girl challenges the society, demonstrating the endless love towards her brother and sister. The society determined Antigone`s fate. She had to choose between obeying the law and following her heart. For Antigone, a law is no more than just a set of rules, while love is the feeling and the energy that exists beyond the rules. The feeling is not predictable, and it cannot be subordinate. The tragedy begins when Creon refuses to bury Antigone`s brother Polynices, because the law sentenced him to a shameful death. Under the possible punishment by death, Antigone decides to bury her brother by herself. She believes that everyone should have the right to be buried as a human, especially her brother. Creon was very angry at her, and he decided to bury Antigone alive for her crime. Indeed, Antigone acted out of love and devotion. The love killed her. An tigone is shown for the readers as the light, which is a guarantee that the humanity is not doomed to the hopeless darkness. The world, where a sister can stand for her brother, cannot be hopeless. From the very beginning of the novel, the audience sees Antigone as a strong woman, who is strict to herself and the surrounding world. However, till the end of the play, the reader understands that she is tender inside. In her final monologue, Antigone says that she loved the joy of the sun, the streams, and the trees. She loved her parents, her unborn children, and her sister, who did not support her decision at first. However, most of all, Antigone loved her brother. In his drama, Sophocles is trying to say that no human being can find the strength to die without love in his heart. Antigone`s soul is overflowing with love. An intimate tenderness is inherent to the nature of a loving woman. The deep affection, the fiery, and almost reckless love made her strong before the face of death. Death of a Salesman is one more perfect example of the endless love to the family in the world literature. The protagonist Willy Lomen has many illusions, and he does not have the life that he always wanted to have. He is not a perfect family man. He does not treat his wife as a beloved woman, and has affairs from time to time. The family life lies on the shoulders of a tender woman, Willies wife, Linda. She provides understanding and support for her husband and two sons. Willy is the most important man in Linda`s universe. The woman is the example of understanding, support, and patience. She is a good wife and a mother, even though everyone tries to test her limits of patience. Being an ideal woman, Linda demonstrates her lifelong attention to her husband and romanticizes their relationship. She does not see the flaws of Willie`s behavior considering him the best man in the world. However, some aspects of her behavior are wrong. Indeed, a woman should provide support for her man, bu t she should not blindly follow his every word. Sometimes, a man can be mistaken, and there should be somebody, who can point to his flaw and give some advice. Linda tries to be the best woman so that her husband feels comfortable and safe. I opine that sometimes Linda just wanted to escape from the problems. Even noticing that her husband plans suicide, she does nothing to stop him. Linda has the great heart that allows her forgetting all the offences. No matter how Willy treats Linda in different situations, she never shows her dissatisfaction. Undoubtedly, man and woman should be close friends, who can always help each other. Lindas ability to comfort and satisfy Willy leads him to create the world of illusions. Eventually, the man finds it difficult to accept the unpleasant reality. To weaken the tension, Linda fails to help her husband to see the world. Moreover, she refuses their sons to help with their problems and sins. Besides being a loving and faithful wife, Linda is also a caring mother. She does not have strong ambitions towards their children as her husband does. She accepts them as they are - not very successful and determined people. Perhaps, only a mother can love her children in a devoted manner. Unlike her husband, she understands that Biff and Happy are her kids, and they will always be the main reason for her pride, no matter what potential they have. Unfortunately, Linda has to be a judge in the family, where children and father accuse and offend each other. However, the woman expresses loyalty, patience, and submissive nature that make her the most sympathetic character in the play. Buy custom Love as the Highest Law in Antigone and Death of a Salesman essay

What is the role of the supernatural epilogue to Gogol's Shinel ( the Essay

What is the role of the supernatural epilogue to Gogol's Shinel ( the Overcoat) Does it force you as a reader to reinterpret the meaning of the story, or doest it remove any meaning the story may have had - Essay Example e works of great Russian artists of short story writing, such as Turgenev and Dostoyevsky, he automatically understands to what extent ‘The Overcoat’ has wrapped them up with its structural as well as aesthetic influence. The storyline of The Overcoat is very simple and it revolves around the daily struggle of the protagonist Akakii Akakievich for his survival. Application of the supernatural epilogue in the short story gives it a unique feature and it gradually takes the reader from mundane existence to a world of supernatural existence. As we finish reading the short story, we feel that Gogol’s implementation of supernatural material in the story serves certain purpose. It not only gives the story a novel dimension but at the same time, he also uses the supernatural element as an instrument to reveal true character of the society and its inhabitants. To understand the importance of the supernatural epilogue in ‘The Overcoat,’ it is important to focus over flow of incidents in the story. The reader, as stats reading the story, finds that Gogol has provided excellent description of the protagonist and his daily life. In the course of reading the story the reader feels that he can almost visualize the whole thing and this quality of Gogol has recognized him among modern critics as ‘a pioneer of a new â€Å"naturalist† aesthetics’. The protagonist of the story, Akakii Akakievich, is a typical member of the middle class society of Gogol’s time and earns his livelihood by working in a government office. The author has given detailed description of the protagonist’s apparent features only with the purpose to let the reader know that he does not posses any such external features that would differentiate him from the rest. He is just a common man, who has â€Å"†¦short of stature, somewhat pockmarked, rather red-haired, rather blind, judging from appearances, with a small bald spot on his forehead, with wrinkles on his cheeks, with a complexion of the

Creating a sense of Communiy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Creating a sense of Communiy - Essay Example When it comes to African culture, a number of aspects arise due to the conservative nature (Halverson & Tirmizi, 2008). This is especially so when it comes to such aspects as religion, music, art, and beliefs that normally promote communal work through the sharing of items such as homes, natural resources, and wealth. Additionally, their music and literary work is meant to enhance cohesion, as it mainly focuses on building a strong bond among the Africans and beyond (Sizoo, 2010). Perhaps it is important to look at the Mexican culture that uses unique cuisines and architecture to unite those who belong or would like to be associated with the culture. Ordinarily, the Mexican culture emphasizes on romance and love through numerous and unique weddings (Doudna, 2004). While not all cultures promote harmonious stay among the people, it is worthy to note that the Jamaican culture focuses more on uniting its people by preaching peace through the reggae music among other things such as marijuana (Dhingra, 2007). This is important for cohesion and crime deterrence especially in the modern society. Overall, culture plays a very significant role in the identity of various communities and this further enhances cohesion among the members belonging to a particular cultural background (Halverson & Tirmizi,

Capital One Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Capital One - Essay Example On December 04, 2008, Capital One acquired a well known bank called Chevy Chase Bank. As per the deal, Capital One purchased the bank by paying $445 million in cash and 2.56 million shares of Capital One worth $75 million (Gaithersburg Local, 2008). Companies are directly affected by the external environmental forces that consist of political, economic, legal, social and technological elements. Changes in these external forces directly affect the company which necessitates it to modify the corporate strategies accordingly. In 2008-09, the world economy was shaken by a recessionary turmoil and the financial sector was the worst hit. Functioning exclusively in the banking business, the company is at a high leveraged state. When market conditions are favorable, their revenue as well as profitability increases quite rapidly but when the market conditions are hostile, the company faces a sharp fall in business. The economic condition has revived in the developing countries but the developed countries like UK and US will take more time to come out of this economic shock. Therefore economic condition is one of the vital forces that Capital One needs to consider. In terms of technology, Capital One enjoys a sound position. The political condition is quite stable in US hence this will not be a major concern. After the economic recession in US, the government is in the process of introducing certain changes in its legal framework to exercise a better control on the financial market. Hence, Capital One will need to understand the changes in the legal policies and should make the desired modification. Apart from the above mentioned forces the competitive force prevailing in the US market needs to be taken into consideration by Capital One. The retail banking industry is highly attractive which lures new entrants into this industry. The lenient strategy maintained by the government of US is an added advantage for the new entrants. The new entrants have not only

The Disturbing World of The Psychopaths Essay Example for Free

The Disturbing World of The Psychopaths Essay Nowadays the number of adults and adolescents who perpetrate violence and consider violence as normal in everyday life is swiftly gowning and it is terrible because values and beliefs about morality are distorted. The actions of adolescents seem meaningless and professionals often can’t understand and explain their motivation. Therefore, the book â€Å"Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of The Psychopaths Among Us† by Robert Hare is a well-developed work on psychopathic personality. The author analyzes the reasons and consequences of psychopathic behavior stressing that it is the most dangerous personality disorder as such people when affected don’t distinguish what is right and what is wrong. Their actions aren’t motivated by consciousness. Instead, their actions are driven by psychological disorders. Actually, the book is vivid and colorful portrayal of psychopathic disorder and the book can recommended both for professionals and for parents. The book presents author’s research on psychopathic disorders. The positive moment is that the book is written in easy language and in readable fashion devoted to general audience.   Hare analyzes clinical literature in non-technical trying to avoid professional jargon. The author combines empirical literature with personal anecdotes, with descriptions of psychopathic personalities from popular press and literature. Moreover, the author includes analysis of celebrated cases as, for example, Ted Bundy, Clifford Olson and the fictional Hannibal Lecter. Robert Hare provides deep insight into personality of psychopaths by describing disorder in dozens of individuals with similar diagnosis, all of whom â€Å"scored high on the PCL†. The author claims that he rejects psychodynamic approaches when describing psychopathic mind. Hare describes psychopathic personality as reckless, impulsive, egocentric, disturbing, content with self and such that lacks conscience. Hare pays special attention to identification of the psychopaths. His Psychopathy Checklist presents ultimate understanding of psychopathic behavior. Actually, he uses his list to construct psychopathy as disorder. The author provides definitions, assessment tools and diagnosis approaches. Hare argues that â€Å"Psychopaths are social predators who charm, manipulate, and ruthlessly plow their way through life, leaving a broad trail of broken hearts, shattered expectations, and empty wallets. Completely lacking in conscience and in feelings for others, they selfishly take what they want and do as they please†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p.34) Psychopathy is associated with antisocial personality disorder. The author writes that not all patients with antisocial personality disorder are psychopathic personalities and they should not be provided with the same pessimistic diagnosis. Hare assumes that professionals are to be blamed for confusing psychopathic disorder with antisocial personality disorde r. The book conveys a number of important messages based on Hare’s fundamental perspective about psychopathic personalities and their behavioral types. The author portrays psychopathic personalities as personalities that seem to be born. Hare presents many stories about individuals who appeared to be normal, but with years became egocentric and aggressive personalities. The author is unprejudiced when he says that we are not aware of facts that change human behavior. A number of genetic and neurological studies were conducted to reveal the reasons and Hare says that environment plays crucial role in child upbringing. He concludes that psychopathy may be of different types ranging from con man to serial killer. Three particular messages are hidden in the book. The first one is that the parents of psychopaths should not be provided with constant sense of guilty that their children are not normal. Instead, parents should immediately consult professionals to diagnose their children and if psychopathic disorder is revealed then to develop specific strategies involving structured and favorable environment with behavioral management techniques. The second message is that psychopathic behavior is not likely to change significantly or it may diminish with age.   The most difficult thing to manage is that psychopaths are content with their behavior and often treatment efforts and therapies are not effective. Psychopaths believe their relations with people and treating them is fully justified and normal. Actually, psychopaths don’t understand they have serious mental problems and they are viewed as social danger. Hare seems to be very critical with insight-based approaches as, for example, with therapeutic community. Instead, Hare says that work with psychopaths should focus on incorporating their pervasive self interest stressing that their behavior contradicts their own interests. The third message provides recommendations and ways how to protect yourself from attack of psychopathic personalities. Every person should now ways to identify psychopaths and to protect his life from being victimized and conned. A series of techniques designed by Hare is important for adults, especially for women and the elderly. Lonely people and those who are going to invest are endangered the most. Being forewarned is being forearmed. Hare says that â€Å"Psychopaths are found in every segment of society, and there is a good chance that eventually you will have a painful or humiliating encounter with one†. (p.203) Hare intensifies his narration with real-world examples and anecdotes to describe differen t personality features of psychopathic personalities. The book is very informative and professional, but it seems contradictory when the author says he relies on common sense and folk wisdom. Further, the author stresses that relying on such sources isn’t justified in professional environment. Despite several weak points, the book is very strong and persuasive. The author distinguishes between psychopathic disorder and antisocial personality disorder. He concludes that not all psychopaths are criminals and not all criminals are psychopaths. The author offers emotional and interpersonal traits as, for example, lack of guilt, grandiosity, glibness, shallow emotions, lack of responsibility, impulsiveness, antisocial behavior, etc. References Hare, Robert. (1999). Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of The Psychopaths Among Us. USA: The Guilford Press.